“铁”证如山：一枚乾隆通宝铁质古钱币

2025年12月18日的午后，在杭州博地中心拍卖行的鉴宝工作台面上，一枚古币陈列在鉴定泰斗朱老师的眼前。朱老师将一只小型放大镜贴近眼眶，俯身对着这枚钱币看了好一阵。随后，他取出随身携带的弱磁专测工具，当这块弱磁靠近这枚钱币时，两者瞬间明显吸附，不脱落。朱老师当场一语定音：“大开门，真品无疑，乾隆通宝铁钱，宝云局。”当时在场的市场部总监、总经理、经理等一众人员，共同见证了这场乾隆铁钱宝物鉴定的全过程。

经高精度克秤与卡尺的细致测量，这枚铁钱的参数为：直径介于21.7至22.0毫米之间，厚度介于0.7至0.9毫米之间，重量精准定格在1.56克，误差不超0.01克。而这场弱磁吸附测试，更是为其铁材质地的定论，提供了板上钉钉的依据，绝非含微量铁杂质的铜钱可比。

 Five Conclusions

Although a penny is small, it can carry mountains and rivers. Holding this "Jianzhong" is like seeing the "King of Weiwu County" in those years; holding this "Jianzhong" is like holding the tenacity and loyalty of the military and civilians in the western region in the late Tang Dynasty for 42 years.

重要文献记载：

《大清会典》《户部钱法则例》等清代官方典籍，句句皆言铜质，铁钱二字从未有过片言只语的记载。世人向来以为，清代铁钱始于咸丰年间。谁能想到，一枚宝云局乾隆铁钱的现世，竟为清代铁钱史，向前推移了近百年的时光。

这枚铁钱的稀贵，并非空口无凭，而是被数部钱币学权威典籍层层印证的共识。《中国钱币大辞典·清代编》直言乾隆铁钱“罕见，仅见零星记录，全国公开收藏不足5枚”，字里行间未见宝云局铁钱的踪迹；被誉为“清代铁钱研究第一人”的马定祥，在其《清代铁钱谱》中记载，乾隆铁钱传世极稀，已知存世者不足8枚，且多为宝泉、宝源中央局试铸品，地方局铁钱仅有宝川、宝黔局各一枚的模糊记录；中国钱币学会2018年学术年会论文《乾隆朝铁钱铸造考》，更是通过全国范围的博物馆与民间收藏调研，明确统计出有明确纪年与出处的乾隆铁钱仅7枚，宝云局铁钱，在此之前，竟是零记载的空白。

Important literature records:

In the official classics of the Qing Dynasty, such as "The Classics of the Great Qing Dynasty" and the Law of Household Money, every sentence is made of copper, and the word "iron money" has never been recorded as a fragment. The world has always thought that iron money in the Qing Dynasty began in the Xianfeng period. Who would have thought that the appearance of a Qianlong iron coin of Baoyun Bureau was actually the history of iron money in the Qing Dynasty, moving forward for nearly a hundred years.

The scarcity of this iron coin is not empty-mouthed, but a consensus that has been confirmed by several authoritative classics of numinology. The Chinese Coin Dictionary · Compiled by the Qing Dynasty bluntly said that Qianlong iron coins were "rare, only sporadic records were seen, and there were less than 5 pieces in the national public collection", and there was no trace of Baoyun Bureau iron coins between the lines; Ma Dingxiang, who was known as "the first person to study iron coins in the Qing Dynasty", recorded in his "Qing Dynasty Iron Money Collection" that Qianlong iron coins were extremely rare and known to exist There are less than 8 pieces in the world, and most of them are test-cast by the central bureaus of Baoquan and Baoyuan. There are only one vague record of the local bureaus of Baochuan and one of Baoqian bureaus. The paper of the 2018 academic annual conference of the Chinese Coin Society "Qianlong Dynasty Iron Coin Casting Examination" has been clearly counted through the research of museums and folk collections nationwide. There are only 7 Qianlong iron coins in the era and source, and Baoyun Bureau iron coins. Before that, it was a blank with zero records.

历史密码与孤品价值：

云南，曾是清代的铜料重镇，供应着全国八成以上的铸铜需求，宝云局坐拥如此得天独厚的资源，为何会铸出铁钱？这恰恰是这枚钱币最动人的历史密码。乾隆四十年之后，云南铜产量逐年递减，铜价一路飙升，兼之西南边疆战事频发，军饷需求激增，铜料优先供应军需，地方铸钱局难免陷入“铜荒”困境。或许正是这样的特殊背景，让宝云局突破了中央“铜质铸钱”的规制，以铁料铸钱应急；又或许，它本就是一枚镇守地方国库的镇库钱，无需流通，护佑一方府库的安稳。无论缘起如何，它都带着那个时代的现实印记，从历史的缝隙中，悄然走来。

有史以来的古钱币拍卖市场上，中国嘉德、北京保利、西泠印社等顶级拍场，从未出现过乾隆宝云局铁钱的身影；公博、保粹、华夏、古泉园地等专业鉴评估值平台，也未见其只言片语的记载。这份“零记录”的履历，印证了它是乾隆铁钱中凤毛麟角的孤品。

它的价值，早已超越了一枚古钱币的收藏属性。它是“实物补史”的绝佳范本，印证了“乾隆通宝全是铜钱”这一定论并非绝对；它是乾隆通宝存在铁钱情况的活化石，证明乾隆朝确有铁钱铸造；它更是一枚无声的史官，用满身的铁锈，诉说着乾隆盛世背后，因经济起伏、钱荒铜料紧缺而生的历史脉象。

一枚铁钱，方寸之间，承载着一段被历史尘埃掩盖、遗漏的，却又非常凝重的过往。当一小块弱磁与这枚钱币相吸的刹那，吸起的不只是一块金属，更是提起一段尘封了的、差不多被时光淹没了的重要历史片段。这便是古钱币收藏的真谛——于锈迹斑斑中，窥见岁月的波澜；于极稀世珍品里，触摸历史的温度。

Historical password and orphan value:

Yunnan used to be an important copper town in the Qing Dynasty, supplying more than 80% of the country's copper casting demand. Baoyun Bureau has such a unique resource, why did it mint iron money? This is exactly the most moving historical code of this coin. After 40 years of Qianlong, Yunnan's copper production decreased year by year, and copper prices soared all the way. At the same time, there were frequent wars in the southwestern border, and the demand for military fees surged. Copper was given priority to the supply of military supplies. The local minting bureau inevitably fell into the dilemma of "copper shortage". Perhaps it is this special background that allows the Baoyun Bureau to break through the central government's regulation of "copper coinage" and use iron to make money for emergency; or perhaps, it is originally a treasury money to guard the local treasury, which does not need to be circulated to protect the stability of the treasury of one party. No matter what the origin is, it comes quietly through the gap of history with the imprint of reality of that era.

In the ancient coin auction market in history, China's Jiade, Beijing Poly, Xiling Printing Society and other top auction houses have never appeared Qianlong Baoyun Bureau iron coins; Gongbo, Baocui, Huaxia, Guquan Garden and other professional appraisal value platforms have not seen their records. This "zero record" resume proves that it is a rare product among the Qianlong iron coins.

Its value has long surpassed the collection attribute of an ancient coin. It is an excellent model of "physical history", which proves that "Qianlong Tongbao is all copper coins" is not absolute; it is a living fossil of the existence of iron coins in Qianlong Tongbao, proving that there was indeed iron coins cast in the Qianlong Dynasty; it is also a silent historian, full of rust, telling the background of Qianlong's heyday, due to economic ups and downs, money The historical image of the shortage of waste copper materials.

An iron coin, between the square inches, carries a very solemn past that has been covered and omitted by the dust of history. When a small piece of weak magnet was attracted to this coin, it was not only a piece of metal, but also an important historical fragment that had been sealed and almost submerged by time. This is the true meaning of the collection of ancient coins - in the rusty spots, glimpse the waves of the years; in the rare treasures, touch the temperature of history.

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